视听山东·听烟台｜Jiaodong Big Drum Song to the Beat of Life
转自：烟台发布
YoucanhaveaglimpseofhowordinarybutattractivedrumsarefromBigCrabs,AGluttonousWife,andStealingRiceCakes.Trivialitiesinlifeandpainsinfarmworkcanalsobeexpressedwithhumor.Drumsfastandslowattimesaccompaniedbythechangingrhythmsofthethree-stringedpluckedinstrumentturnouttobemostsoothingdespitethattheyonlyreflectsomerealbutmonotonoustriflesinlife.
鼓声有多平凡动人，可以从《大螃蟹》《馋老婆》《偷年糕》中体会二三。生活琐碎、农忙辛劳，都被风趣幽默地唱出来。敲击声时疏时密，配合着三弦的起承转合，明明只是一些真实又无聊的生活小事，却最能抚慰人心。
Touchingandsonorous,itiswhyJiaodongdrumsongsarecharming.LuYou,apoetintheSouthernSongDynasty,wroteinACloseTriptoaVillagebyBoat:“InZhaojiaVillagebyanancientroadinthesunset,asightlessmanisperforming.”ThesightlessmanwasthusregardedastheearliestprototypeoftheperformersofJiaodongBigDrumSong.Accordingtoaccuraterecords,JiaodongBigDrumSonghasahistoryofover250years,whichcanbedatedbacktotheappearanceofLiuXueyi,theearliestperformerwhoperformedthetuneofthesightlessinthefirstyearofthereignofQianlong.In2006JiaodongBigDrumSongwassuccessfullylistedamongthefirstgroupoftherepresentativeprojectsofnationalculturalheritages.
声声入心，句句铿锵，胶东大鼓的魅力就在于此。南宋诗人陆游在《小舟近游村》中写道：“斜阳古道赵家村，负鼓盲翁正作场。”“负鼓盲翁”便被认为是胶东大鼓说唱艺人的最早雏形。按照准确记载，从最早演唱盲人调的艺人、乾隆初年的刘学义出现时推算，胶东大鼓至今已有二百五十多年历史。2006年，胶东大鼓成功申报为首批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目。
Originallyinthetuneofthesightless,JiaodongBigDrumSongiscommonlyknownasthe“SightlessTune.”Theearlytuneofthesightlesswascomposedofsomesimplefarmers’melodies.Afterwards,itwascalledtheBigDrumSongortheDrumTelling.Itdidnothavearealname.Instead,itwasnamedbytheplacewhereitwasspread,forinstance,LaiyangBigDrumSong andRushanBigDrumSong.Astimewentby,exchangesweremadeindifferentplaces.WhenitcametothereignofKangxi,KaoshanTuneandManchurianDanceOperaintheNortheastandtheDrumSongofPekingin BeijingandTianjinallspreadinJiaodong.Zhuiqin, dulcimer,two-stringChineseviolinandbanhufiddleoftenusedforoperaswerealsoaddedasmusicalinstruments.ItwasnotgenerallycalledJiaodongBigDrumSonguntil1949.
胶东大鼓，最早为盲人调，俗称“瞎腔”。初期的盲人调只是由一些简单的农家小曲组成。之后被称为“大鼓”“鼓书”，长时间并无真正的名称，流传到哪里就以哪里的地名命名，比如“莱阳大鼓”“乳山大鼓”。随着时代的发展，各地交流不断，到了康熙年间，东北的“靠山调”“满洲转”以及京津的京韵大鼓等都传入了胶东。乐器也增加了一些戏曲多用的坠琴、洋琴、二胡、板胡等。直到1949年，才统称为胶东大鼓。
文字/《人间仙境数烟台》
编辑/栾悦
监制/张海明
审核/烟台市人民政府新闻办公室