中国的全球重要农业文化遗产增至22项，数量继续保持世界首位

Chinaonceagainrankedfirstintheworld!Threetraditionalfarmingsystems,wererecognizedbytheUnitedNations'FoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)intotheGloballyImportantAgriculturalHeritageSystem(GIAHS)list,makingthecountry'stotalownershipofsuchtitleto22andremainingatthetopoftheworld.ThethreenewadditionsareKuanchengTraditionalChestnutEco-PlantingSysteminHebeiProvince,TonglingWhiteGingerPlantationSysteminAnhuiProvinceandXianjuAncientChineseWaxberryCompositeSysteminZhejiangProvince.

Itisworthnotingthatallofthethreenewagriculturalheritagesystems,Kuanchengchestnut,TonglingwhitegingerandXianjuwaxberryareproductslabelledwithChinesegeographicalindications(GIs)."Intellectualpropertyrightsplayanimportantroleintheeffectiveprotection,sustainabilityanduseofagriculturalculturalheritagesites.TheeffortstopassonsuchheritagemayformasynergywiththedevelopmentofGIs,soastomorecomprehensivelyexploreandprotectChina'sagriculturalresources,"saidLiShunde,aresearcherwiththeInstituteofLawoftheChineseAcademyofSocialSciences,duringaninterviewwithourreporter.

Developinguniqueagriculture-basedindustryplayinglocalstrength

China,agreatagriculturalcountry,hasgivenbirthtoavarietyofagriculturalculturalheritagesites,inadditiontovariousGIresourcesthatcoveragriculturalproductsandfruits.Supportedbytechnologyinnovation,theimplementationofstandardsandothermeasures,these"localtreasures"havegraduallydevelopedintouniquecashcowsthatdriveregionaleconomicdevelopmentandfuelthecountry'sallroundruralrevitalization.

InKuanchengCounty,HebeiProvince,localshaveformedacompositeproductionsystemofterraces,chestnuts,cropsandpoultrybybuildingtrenchesandterracestoplantKuanchengchestnut,growingcropsandraisingpoultryinthewoods.AvillagetherenamedAiyukouhasachievedanannualpercapitaincomeincreaseofmorethan1,000yuanandatotalannualincomeincreaseofover2millionyuanbypromotingtherapiddevelopmentofthechestnutindustry.

WangGuangpeng,anexpertfromthechestnutteamoftheHebeiAcademyofAgricultureandForestrySciences,notedinaninterviewthattheinscriptionoftheKuanchengTraditionalChestnutEco-PlantingSystemontotheGIAHSlistrepresentsastrongrecognitionofthetransformationandapplicationoflocalforestandgrassIPRs."Wehavemadesustainedeffortstoovercometheshortageofhigh-qualityseedsources,oneoftheindustry'sbottleneckchallenges.Aftergrindingforovertwodecades,wehavefinallybredfourdrought-resistant,labor-savingnewvarietiesfeaturingbothhighyieldandsoundquality.Inaddition,relyinguponuniqueregionalresources,wehavemanagedtobringmorebenefitstofarmers,"saidWang.

Tonglingwhitegingerisfamousforitslargesize,thinpeel,richjuiceandlessresidue.ItacquiredGIprotectionin2009.TonglingCity,AnhuiProvincehasmadeeffortstopromotethewhitegingerindustryasakeylocalbusinessinrecentyears.Afterduestudyandsurvey,ithasdevelopedaseriesofpoliciessuchastheprovincialstandardof"TonglingWhiteGinger:AGIProduct"andthemunicipalstandardof"TechnicalSpecificationsfortheCultivationofTonglingWhiteGinger",withstrengthenedmeasuresadoptedtofurtherprotecttheorigins,germplasmresourcesandbrandsoftheproduct.

Carryingforwardtraditionalculturethroughdynamiclineage

Asalivingembodimentofagriculturalcivilization,aGIAHSlikePu'erTraditionalTeaAgrosysteminYunnanProvincecarriesmultiplevaluesthatrelatetohistory,cultureandecology,andsuchrichculturalconnotationskeepenteringintoallaspectsofpeople'slivesandthoughts.ItisoffarreachingsignificancetoprotecttheGIAHSandpassontheChineseculturethroughlivelylineagebymeansofprotectingtheheritageduringtheprocessofexploration,andinheritingtheculturebymakingfulluseofit.

"ThecultivationandprotectionofGIsnotonlyhelphigh-qualityfeaturedproductsentertheconsumermarket,butalsopromotetheinheritanceofcraftsandculture.Intheprocessofruralrevitalization,GIseffectivelyfacilitateagriculturalculturalheritage,andalsoenrichandexpandsuchheritage,"saidXuShengquan,directoroftheJiangsuTrademarkBrandResearchCenter.

InXianjuCounty,ZhejiangProvince,XianjuAncientChineseWaxberryCompositeSystemisnotonlytheincomesourcefortensofthousandsofwaxberryfarmers,butalsotheculturalrootandsouloftheXianjupeople.Inordertoprotectthisagriculturalcivilization,apanelhasbeensetupinXianjuCountyengagedinpromotinglegislativeworkwhileprovidingguidanceandsupportfortheopeningofancientwaxberryfestivals.Inaddition,abigdatacenterhasbeenestablishedtobuildamonitoringsystemforsystematicecologicalprotection,withadigitalIDcard"issued"foreachancientwaxberrytree.Moreover,thelocalgovernmenthasalsopreparedteachingmaterialstopromotetheheritageinschoolsandguidetheyouthtotakepartintheprotectionoftheancientwaxberrycompositesystem.

"GIshavedeepandintrinsicconnectionstotraditionalknowledgeandintangibleculturalheritage.ThetimehonoredhistoryofChina'sagriculturalcivilizationhasofferedahistoricalandculturalfoundationfortheexplorationanddevelopmentofnaturalresources.Inthefuture,ChinashouldcontinuetoplaytheroleofIPRs,carryforwardthehistoricalandculturalheritageassociatedwithagriculturalresources,andactivelypromoteruralrevitalization,"Lisummarized.(bySuYue)

继续领跑全球！近日，随着河北宽城传统板栗栽培系统、安徽铜陵白姜种植系统和浙江仙居古杨梅群复合种养系统3项遗产系统正式被联合国粮农组织认定为全球重要农业文化遗产，中国的全球重要农业文化遗产增至22项，数量继续保持世界首位。

值得一提的是，此次入选的3项农业文化遗产中，涉及的宽城板栗、铜陵白姜、仙居杨梅均是中国地理标志产品。“知识产权在保护好、传承好、利用好农业文化遗产的过程中发挥了重要作用。农业文化遗产的传承可以和地理标志培育形成合力，实现对中国农业资源更全面、更立体的挖掘与保护。”中国社会科学院法学研究所研究员李顺德在接受中国知识产权报记者采访时表示。

因地制宜发展特色产业

中国是农业大国，孕育了类型多样、内涵丰富的农业文化遗产，也培育出了涵盖农产品、水果等多种类型的地理标志资源。这些“一地之宝”在科技创新、标准建设等手段的助力下，逐渐发展成为带动区域经济发展的特色产业，为全面推进乡村振兴持续注入动力。

在河北省宽城县，当地老百姓依地形修建撩壕、梯田，栽植宽城板栗，并在林下间作农作物、饲养家禽，形成梯田—板栗—作物—家禽复合生产体系。其中，艾峪口村通过板栗产业快速发展，实现年人均增收1000余元，年总增收200万元以上。

河北省农林科学院板栗团队专家王广鹏在接受记者采访时表示，河北宽城传统板栗栽培系统的入选是对当地林草知识产权转化运用的高度认可。“我们持续开展优质种源短缺的产业‘卡脖子’问题攻关，历时20余年育成4个抗旱、省工的高产优质新品种，并结合区域特色资源，实现地方特色产业惠农。”王广鹏说。

铜陵白姜块大皮薄、汁多渣少，于2009年获地理标志产品保护。安徽省铜陵市近年来将白姜产业作为区域特色产业全力提升，研究制定《地理标志产品铜陵白姜》省级地方标准、《铜陵白姜栽培技术规程》市级标准等一系列政策，持续加大对产地、种质资源、品牌建设等领域的保护力度。

活态传承坚守文化根脉

作为传承农耕文明的“活化石”，云南普洱古茶园与茶文化系统在内的全球重要农业文化遗产凝结着历史、文化、生态等多重价值，丰富的文化内涵渗入到人们的生活、思想等方方面面。坚持活态传承，在发掘中保护、在利用中传承，对于保护农业文化遗产、坚守中华文化根脉具有深远的意义。

“地理标志培育与保护，不仅能够向消费市场提供特色优质产品，还能实现技艺、文化的传承。在乡村振兴进程中，地理标志让农业文化遗产得到了有效传承，同时也为农业文化遗产的内涵丰富和外延拓展提供了养分。”江苏商标品牌研究中心主任徐升权表示。

在浙江省仙居县，仙居古杨梅群复合种养系统是数万梅农的衣食来源，更是仙居人民的文脉根魂。为了保护这一农业文明，当地专门成立工作领导小组、推进立法工作，引导、支持古杨梅节活动举办；成立大数据中心，构建系统保护生态监测体系，为每一棵古杨梅树“颁发”数字身份证。同时，当地还通过编写教材，推进遗产走进校园，引导青少年参与到古杨梅群复合种养系统保护事业中去。

“地理标志与传统知识、非物质文化遗产有着深刻的内在联系。中国农业文明历史悠久，具备挖掘、培育的自然资源和历史文化基础。未来，中国应持续发挥知识产权作用，将农业资源及背后的历史文化传承发扬光大，在推进乡村振兴的过程中发挥积极作用。”李顺德说。（苏悦）

（文章来源：中国知识产权报原标题：中国的全球重要农业文化遗产增至22项，数量继续保持世界首位——用活“一地之宝”讲好农耕故事）

（编辑：晏如责任编辑：吕可珂审校：崔静思）