决策者|东亚地区发展的重要性日益凸显
转自:CGTN
Editor'snote: DecisionMakersisaglobalplatformfordecisionmakerstosharetheirinsightsoneventsshapingtoday'sworld.ChengYonghuaistheExecutiveVicePresidentofChina-JapanFriendshipAssociationandformerChineseambassadortoJapan.Thearticlereflectstheauthor'sopinionsandnotnecessarilytheviewsofCGTN.
编者按:决策者是一个全球平台,供决策者分享他们对影响当今世界之事件的见解。程永华是中日友好协会常务副会长,曾任中国驻日本大使。文章仅代表作者的观点,而非本台观点。
"ThetrilateralcooperationamongChina,JapanandSouthKoreahasgrownfromscratch,fromsmalltolargeoverthepasttwodecades,"WangYi,directoroftheOfficeoftheForeignAffairsCommissionoftheCommunistPartyofChina(CPC)CentralCommitteeandamemberofthePoliticalBureauoftheCPCCentralCommittee,saidatthe2023InternationalForumforTrilateralCooperationinQingdao,eastChina'sShandongProvince,onJuly3.Asiancountriesshould"practiceopenregionalism,notbecoercedbybullyingandhegemony,andtakethedestinyoftheirowncountryandtheregionintotheirownhands,"Wangadded.
2023年7月3日,中央政治局委员、中共中央外事工作委员会主任王毅在青岛出席2023年中日韩合作国际论坛开幕式并致辞,他指出:“二十多年来,(中日韩)三国合作从无到有,从小到大。”他还表示,亚洲各国应“践行开放的区域主义……不受霸权霸道的胁迫,把本国和本地区的命运牢牢把握在自己手中。”
AstheformerChineseambassadortoJapan,IhaveampleexperienceinEastandSoutheastAsiaandwouldliketoofferfourinsightsforabetterunderstandingofthehistory,background,mode,status,andfutureofAsianeconomiccooperation,trade,andforeignrelations.
作为中国前驻日本大使,我在东亚和东南亚地区有着丰富的外交经验,愿基于此,提出四点观察,以更好地理解亚洲经贸合作和外交关系的历史背景、模式、现状及未来趋势。
First,Asiantradeandcooperationisnotonlyimportantfortheregionaldevelopmentbutalsofortheglobaleconomyandinternationalsituation.Inthefaceofrecentworldwidechallengessuchasthepandemicandanti-globalization,EastAsiahastackledtheminstride,whiletheUnitedStatesandEuropehaveencounteredcollaborationdifficultiesandmarkedeconomicslowdowns.
首先,亚洲各国之间的贸易与合作不仅对区域发展至关重要,而且对全球经济和国际形势具有重大影响。面对新冠疫情和逆全球化等全球性挑战,东亚各国能够从容面对,而欧美则在合作上遇到诸多困难,经济增长显著放缓。
Regardingthepandemic,thestrongrecoveryofAsiansocietiesandeconomiesindealingwithCOVID-19isalsoinspiring.Asforanti-globalization,whiletheUnitedStateshasincreasinglywithdrawnfromcollaboration,initiativesinEastAsia,suchastheRegionalComprehensiveEconomicPartnership(RCEP),havebeenputforthevenduringtheaforementionedglobalcrises.
亚洲各国的疫情防控表现出色,疫后经济社会的强劲复苏有效提振了全球经济。至于逆全球化问题,美国愈加回避合作。而相比之下,即使在上述全球危机期间,东亚地区仍然推出了诸如区域全面经济伙伴关系(RCEP)等倡议。
Besides,theeconomicstructuresinindividualEastAsianeconomies,particularlybetweenChinaandtheRepublicofKorea(ROK),arecomplementary,allowingdeepintegrationbetweenthetwosystemsandconsequentlysecuringthefreetradeagreements(FTA),whichareextremelyimportantinpromotinghightradevolumes.ThisisdespiteFTAprogressbetweenthethreecountriesbeingstalledinrecentyears.
此外,东亚各经济体(尤其是中国和韩国)的经济结构高度互补,有望实现经济发展的深度融合,进而促成自由贸易协定,这对提升各经济体之间的贸易量至关重要。然而事实上,近年来,中日韩自由贸易协定谈判几乎陷入停滞。
AlthoughChinacertainlytakestheleadamongthethreenationscombined,theyrecognizetheweighttheycarry.ThetotalGDPofChina,Japan,andtheROKcombinedaccountsforapproximately20percentoftheglobalGDP,andamongtheRCEPmembercountries,80percent.ThesenationsmutuallyrecognizetheadvantagesoftheircooperationasthedrivingpowerhouseofEastAsiangrowth.
虽然说中国是东亚三国中的领头羊,但中日韩三国都对自己的实力地位有清楚的认知。中日韩三国的GDP总和占全球GDP的约20%,而在RCEP成员国中,这一比例为80%。三国都清楚地认识到它们之间的合作优势明显,是推动东亚增长的强大动力。
2023年7月3日,王毅在山东青岛出席2023年中日韩合作国际论坛开幕式。/中国外交部
Thethirdpointwasthelong-termhistoricalandculturallinksbetweenChinaandEastandSoutheastAsiathatmarkthebasisoffruitfulEast-SoutheastAsiancollaboration.ChineseinfluenceintheregioncanbetracedasfarbackastheHanandTangdynasties.Withabout2,000yearsofinterculturalinteractionsunderway,similaritiesareabundantsuchastheintegratedusageofChinesecharacters(hanzi)orthewidespreadinfluenceofConfucianteachingstoculturesandcountrieslikeJapan,theROK,theDemocraticPeople'sRepublicofKorea(DPRK),Vietnam,Singapore,andMalaysia.
第三,中国与东亚及东南亚之间的长期历史文化纽带,构成了有效合作的基础。中国在该地区的影响可追溯至汉唐时期。经过约2000年的文化交融,双方相似之处比比皆是,例如汉字的广泛使用,儒家思想对日本、韩国、朝鲜、越南、新加坡和马来西亚等国文化的深远影响。
Withthisbackground,fittingly,ChinaisoneofthetradeandcooperationleadersintheASEANregion,mutuallyrankingeachother'slargesttradingpartnersforthepastthreeyears.The2022tradevolumealonebetweenChinaandASEANnationswas6.52trillionyuan($943billion),upby15percentyear-on-year.Dataandstatisticslikethisresultfromeffectiveregionalcooperationmechanisms,suchastheASEAN-ChinaFreeTradeArea,whichhasbecometheworld'sthird-largestfreetradearea,ortheChina-ASEAN(10+1)CooperationMechanism.
在这个背景下,中国自然而然成为了东盟最大的经贸合作伙伴。过去三年里,中国和东盟互为最大的贸易伙伴,仅2022年中国和东盟的贸易额就达到6.52万亿元,同比增长15%。这些数据和成果源于有效的区域合作机制,比如中国—东盟自由贸易区(全球第三大自由贸易区)、中国—东盟“10+1”合作机制。
IntheAsiancontext,forbothEastAsiaandSoutheastAsia,thisdependencyisnotseennegatively;instead,promotingmutualdevelopment,inturn,helpseachcountryandcontributestothegeneralgrowthoftheworldeconomyaswellasEastAsia'sgrowingimportanceinit.
在亚洲地区,无论是东亚还是东南亚,这种相互依存关系并非是负面消极的。相反,推动共同发展有利于亚洲各国,也有利于世界经济的总体增长,提升东亚在世界经济中的地位。
Finally,EastandSoutheastAsiatendtobepreyingzonesforglobalpowerstoasserttheirsoftpower.However,nationsshouldabandontheir"newColdWar"mentalitytowardparticipationinEastAsiaandinsteadpromotesustainabledevelopmentintheregion.Globalchallengessuchasweakeconomicrecovery,thetendencyfordecouplingandbreakingties,productionandsupplychaintensions,andenergy,food,andfinanceissueshaveputtheworldonedge,causingmoreandmorenationstotendtowardsprotectionistmeasuresand"pickingsides."
最后,东亚和东南亚往往是全球大国施展软实力的舞台。各国参与东亚事务时,应摒弃“新冷战”思维,立足促进该地区的可持续发展。目前全球性挑战纷繁复杂,如经济复苏乏力、脱钩断交趋势严峻、生产链和供应链中断,能源、粮食和金融问题让世界摇摇欲坠,这些都令各国倍感紧张,也导致越来越多的国家倾向于采取保护主义措施和“选边站队”。
However,promotingcooperationinEastAsiaandSoutheastAsiaoverrecentyears,theseregionshaveproventhatmaintainingstabilityandpromotingopenmultilateralintegratedsustainabledevelopmentwillgeneratelong-termbenefitsforallinvolved.
然而,过去几年来,东亚和东南亚地区合作实践证明,维持稳定、推动多边开放可持续发展,将为各方参与者带来长远的利益。
ToinspireEastAsia's"dynamism,"it'stimetorelinquishtheoutdatedperceptionoftheWestdominatingtheglobaleconomyinthethree-tieredstructuresystemoftheUnitedStatesleading,Europefollowing,andAsiafallingbehind.Instead,amorenuancedunderstandingthatrecognizesEastAsiaasoneofthethreemajorglobaltradecenters,asignificantcontributortoneweconomicgrowth,andakeyplayerintheworldwidemanufacturingsystemisnotonlymorerepresentativeofthe21stcenturyglobaleconomicrealitybutalsomodelssuccessfulpartnershipmechanismsfortherestoftheworldtofollow.
西方在全球经济中占主导地位的观念已经过时,为了激发东亚的发展活力,我们要摒弃美国领先、欧洲跟随、亚洲落后的三层级体系。我们需要认识到东亚是全球三大贸易中心之一,是经济新增长点的重要贡献者,也是全球制造业体系的关键参与者。这不仅更符合21世纪全球经济的现实情况,也能为世界其他地区提供可仿效的成功合作模式与机制。
SpecialthankstoPekingUniversity'sYenchingGlobalSymposiumandtheassistanceofCaitlinTierney.
特此感谢北京大学燕京学堂全球青年中国论坛和凯特琳·蒂尔尼提供的协助。